This report investigates the city’s record on street safety and its recent efforts to improve it. The city’s new policies and street designs are compared with Executive Summary 5 Vision Zero international best practices, and the authors examine the academic research that evaluates their effectiveness saving lives. The authors then identify ways in which the city can work towards eliminating road fatalities and serious injuries. We recommend that the city make safety the explicit goal or the primary outcome of the street transportation system. In order to do so, the city should adopt as its guiding “vision” a commitment that no one should be killed or seriously injured on New York City streets. The city must also find new channels of communication with the city’s diverse communities about the goal of improved safety and how to achieve it.